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Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Introduction This article is about recovering TeraStation systems that are failing to load correctly to get them back to a working state Before attempting to do any of the articles described in this article you want to first read the wiki article on. It covers several types of failures: • A single disk fails • Failures to start the boot process • The system fails to complete the boot process • The system appears to boot OK, but the Web GUI and File Shares are inaccessible. Systems Covered The systems that are currently covered by this article include all the original PPC based Models: • Original TeraStation • TeraStation Home Server • TeraStation Pro v1 The following ARM based systems are not currently covered: • Terastation Live • TeraStation Pro v2 Booting Process To understand the recovery processes that are described here it is very advantageous to have an understanding of how the boot process works. It runs in various stages: • A boot loader is loaded from flash • The boot loader now runs a Linux kernel and a very basic Linux system from disk, with the system files being run from a RAM disk. The disk arrays are started. • The Linux kernel is switched to running from the System area (partition 1) of the hard disk.

• The system services such as Samba file sharing, the Buffalo Web GUI and (if relevant) File Transfer service, Printer Service, Telnet and the Media server services are started. Failures can occur at any of these stages and the recovery process to be followed will be dependent on identifying at which stage the boot process failed. Failure Symptoms The Original and the Home Server TeraStations report problems by lighting up a Red DIAG light.

This light then flashes a number of times to indicate the type of problem detected. The TeraStation Pro v1 has a LED display instead, and if problems are encountered it displays a Exx type error code. If the system fails almost immediately it normally means that there is a flash based problem. These are by far the hardest to recover from. If the system fails after around 30 seconds or more into the Booting process, then this normally means that there is a problem with the System area on the Hard Disks.

This type of problem should almost always be recoverable as long as one is very careful about the steps that are carried out. It is also possible for a single disk to fail. If you are using a RAID5 or a RAID1 array then this situation can be recovered without losing any user data.

This is described in the section on replacing a single drive Sometimes a drive failure (like the circuit board of a hard drive failing) can lock up the IDE bus. This leads to a non-booting terastation.

If your TeraStation just blinks 6 times (HDD failure) this could be the reason, connect the disks to a PC one by one to find the failed one and replace it. Replacing the Hard Disks This section covers using Hard Disks of up to 500Gb which is the maximum size supported by the standard Buffalo software on the PPC based TeraStations. If you want to try and use disks that are larger than this size look at the article on.

Replacing a Single disk in a RAID5 array If a single disk has failed in a RAID5 array, then the system can be recovered without reasonably easily without any data loss. On the Original and Home servermodels a disk failure is indicated by the Disk Status light turning Red.

Note that this light is also used to indicate a Disk Full status (more than 90% of disk used) so if all disk Status lights turn Red this is almost certainly the reason. At this point the TeraStation will continue to operate normally, and if you go into the Web GUI you will be told that one or more of the disk arrays have 'Low Disk Space'. If a disk has failed then you will be told that instead. The first thing is to decide if the disk really has failed - or whether some sort of data corruption has made the TeraStation think that the drive has failed. Spurious reports of disk failures seem to be quite frequent, and are particularily likely to happen after a power failure. The best way to do this is to attach the drive to a PC and run the manufacturer's disk diagnostic software to check the drive. If this is not possible, then you can simply clear down that drive and see if the disk comes back to life.